Introduction of memory

Difinition of memory engram?

Josselyn, Sheena A., Stefan Köhler, and Paul W. Frankland. "Finding the engram." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 16.9 (2015): 521-534.

Josselyn, S. A., & Tonegawa, S. (2020). Memory engrams: Recalling the past and imagining the future. Science, 367(6473), eaaw4325.

Guzowski, J. F., McNaughton, B. L., Barnes, C. A., & Worley, P. F. (1999). Environment-specific expression of the immediate-early gene Arc in hippocampal neuronal ensembles. Nature neuroscience, 2(12), 1120-1124.

異なる環境に関する記憶が別の細胞によって符号化されている？

単純に感覚入力によって興奮する細胞が異なるだけで、記憶の痕跡が異なるとの主張はできないのでは？

NMDA→Arc→LTPというロジックが背後にある

Do learning and retrieval of a memory activate the same neurons?

Reijmers, L. G., Perkins, B. L., Matsuo, N., & Mayford, M. (2007). Localization of a stable neural correlate of associative memory. Science, 317(5842), 1230-1233.

Tayler, K. K., Tanaka, K. Z., Reijmers, L. G., & Wiltgen, B. J. (2013). Reactivation of neural ensembles during the retrieval of recent and remote memory. Current Biology, 23(2), 99-106.

Optgenetic stimulation

Liu, X., Ramirez, S., Pang, P. T., Puryear, C. B., Govindarajan, A., Deisseroth, K., & Tonegawa, S. (2012). Optogenetic stimulation of a hippocampal engram activates fear memory recall. Nature, 484(7394), 381-385.

Tanaka, K. Z., Pevzner, A., Hamidi, A. B., Nakazawa, Y., Graham, J., & Wiltgen, B. J. (2014). Cortical representations are reinstated by the hippocampus during memory retrieval. Neuron, 84(2), 347-354.

ChRを発現していること全ての細胞が同時に活動するため、ダイナミクスに迫ることはできない

two types of neurons in Hippocampus

Theta cells

inihibitory neurons

constantly active 20-Hz

Complex spike cell

pyramidal neurons

complex spike patterns

location specific

place cell

remapping

Muller, R. U., Kubie, J. L., & Ranck, J. B. (1987). Spatial firing patterns of hippocampal complex-spike cells in a fixed environment. Journal of Neuroscience, 7(7), 1935-1950.

Colgin, L. L., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M. B. (2008). Understanding memory through hippocampal remapping. Trends in neurosciences, 31(9), 469-477.

Leutgeb, J. K., Leutgeb, S., Treves, A., Meyer, R., Barnes, C. A., McNaughton, B. L., ... & Moser, E. I. (2005). Progressive transformation of hippocampal neuronal representations in “morphed” environments. Neuron, 48(2), 345-358.

Aquiring

Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1993). Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space. Science, 261(5124), 1055-1058.

Bittner, K. C., Milstein, A. D., Grienberger, C., Romani, S., & Magee, J. C. (2017). Behavioral time scale synaptic plasticity underlies CA1 place fields. Science, 357(6355), 1033-1036.

Conicidence detection (STDP)

representation

Wood, E. R., Dudchenko, P. A., Robitsek, R. J., & Eichenbaum, H. (2000). Hippocampal neurons encode information about different types of memory episodes occurring in the same location. Neuron, 27(3), 623-633.

Frank, L. M., Brown, E. N., & Wilson, M. (2000). Trajectory encoding in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Neuron, 27(1), 169-178.

Ziv, Y., Burns, L. D., Cocker, E. D., Hamel, E. O., Ghosh, K. K., Kitch, L. J., ... & Schnitzer, M. J. (2013). Long-term dynamics of CA1 hippocampal place codes. Nature neuroscience, 16(3), 264-266.

memory encoding

Tanaka, K. Z., He, H., Tomar, A., Niisato, K., Huang, A. J., & McHugh, T. J. (2018). The hippocampal engram maps experience but not place. Science, 361(6400), 392-397.